Cheers,
Henry.
Abstract
The implication of this
title is that an individual needs to fence, like it is some sort of
life-preserving activity. The real conception is due to all the benefits a
person gets out of fencing. Fencing is an activity, while recognised in the
Olympics and Paralympics is not the most common in the modern world, even less
so when considering re-creation using period texts. The activity used to be
taught for the purposes of self-defence, however, this aspect of fencing has
faded into history, the firearm has taken the place of the sword, and people
don’t wear swords in public, unless it is for some kind of display. The
following discusses all the advantages fencing can give in the modern world,
and there are quite a few. Further, it displays the inclusive nature of the
activity, gender, ethnicity, and other such social divisions are not present
for the fencer. The fencer gains many advantages through fencing, many of which
are absent in other activities.
Keywords: fencing, healthy, inclusive, social, fun,
community, training, HEMA, Paralympics, sport fencing, sword
Introduction
“Fencing is more than a sport: it is truly a
potpourri of history, strategy, athleticism, and personal development. Fencing
is an ancient sport and a modern Olympic event, and it offers physical and
mental challenges.”[1]
Usually, evidence is not present in an
introduction however, I thought it was important to define fencing or at least
give a definition, and explanation of fencing, with a little history thrown in
as well. My definition of fencing, the art of using swords in which the goal is
to strike the opponent but not be struck. It is quite a broad definition, but
that is deliberate. Definitions and so forth, are usually presented in the
early parts of the presentation, not in the introduction. However, presenting
it here, leaves more in the later discussions to show the reason you should
fence.
“From a pastime of kings and knights,
fencing has evolved into today’s modern and inclusive sport; a sport for
everybody regardless of age, size, ability, or background. Fencing has also
been part of the Paralympic Games since 1960!”[2]
The history of all fencing is
linked. Fencing is definitively inclusive. Fencing does not discriminate along
the lines of gender, age, disability, sexual preference, ethnicity, or any
other group a society might like to label individuals. The skills with the
sword are taught to the individual, modified, if required, to suit their
situation. Everyone engages with skills which have flowed through the ages.
Once the mask is on, every fencer is the same.
“people of all ages, sizes, and athletic
backgrounds can find a place within the sport, whether seeking a competitive
outlet, a way to stay physically active, or a community that values respect and
sportsmanship. Fencing ticks all the boxes. Plus, it’s just fun; who wouldn’t
want to learn to play with swords?”[3]
Swords are fun, and fencing is for everyone.
The largest part of the discussion falls under the heading “For Everyone”
because fencing is for everyone. This part of the discussion highlights
differences which may be present in fencers, but also how they are of the one
community and that engagement with fencing gives the individual great
advantages over those who do not choose such an activity.
Different advantages gained from fencing
are presented through the discussions. Each of these advantages are available
to anyone who decides to engage with fencing in an active manner. There will
also be other significant aspects of fencing presented through the discussions
which are of note. Some of these will explain exactly what fencing can give,
but also what fencing requires of the individual.
While some of the discussions may not seem
relevant to the reader, be assured they are as they explain some aspect of
fencing from a particular perspective. While the reader may be an adult, it
does not mean the section on Child Fencing is not applicable. While the reader
may be able-bodied, it does not mean the discussion of Parafencing, or Blind
Fencing, are not applicable. These sections highlight universal characteristics
of fencing and further establish the inclusive nature of fencing. These
sections hold important insights into a place where passion has driven people,
who have likely been excluded from other activities, to excel. If nothing else
these subjects show how adaptable fencing can be, should the student and the
teacher be willing to focus on such an approach.
You need to fence because it is good for
you; it is good for your body, and it is good for your mind. You need to fence
because it has a great social element to it; there are fencers the world over
with which you will instantly have something in common. You need to fence
because it will show you challenges to overcome and strengths you did not
realise you had; lessons and opponents can be taxing, and take a lot of effort,
but think of the victories gained, and the feeling of them.
Fencing is fun. The people who participate
in fencing are having a lot of fun whether it is learning their lessons,
drilling what they have learned, bouting with another student, or fencing in a
tournament. There is nothing like the feeling of a sword in your hand and an
opponent in front of you, this is the beginnings of some fun. How could in not
be fun? You get to play with swords. The fact it is healthy fun is really a
bonus added on the end.
There are many different aspects which make
fencing a healthy pursuit. It conditions the body, while educating the mind.
The individual learns to think in different ways to solve problems; the primary
problem being the opponent standing in front of them. It is not just healthy
for the body, the thinking fencer will always have the advantage over the one
who only uses their body’s attributes, such is the nature of fencing that it
works on the mind and body together.
Fencing is safe. Safer than many other
sports, which is ironic considering that fencing uses a sword. However, it has
been noted that fencing in the Olympics has one of the lowest injury rates of
all sports. This is rather phenomenal, considering it is a contact sport. The
protective gear is all to a standard, and so are the weapons. There are other
safety aspects which are built into the training. Considering all the sports
possible, fencing is one of the safest.
The social aspects of fencing are often
pushed to one side, but social aspects involving the use of swords have existed
for hundreds, if not thousands of years. There are traditions and codes which
belong to the Art of Defence, or fencing, these social aspects are often
overlooked because, fencing has another social aspect, the connection between
fencers within a class, school, and beyond. There are social connections made
through fencing, a mutual respect of other fencers, even if they are opponents.
This is a social aspect that can lead to having friends around the world.
Fencing is for everyone. There are
few conditions or situations that prevent an individual from taking up fencing
and thoroughly enjoying themselves. Age is little barrier, the most concern
regarding this aspect being whether a person is too old to begin fencing; the
simple answer is certainly not. People see fencers on the piste, and
look at their athletic frames, and wonder whether their shape is going to be a
hinderance. There are short fencers who are effective, just as there are tall
fencers who are effective. If you are wanting to change your shape, fencing can
certainly help with that, but you need to begin fencing first. Fencing is at
the pinnacle of inclusivity as there are specialised programs for those with
certain disabilities, and almost any other issue. Fencers are fencers in the
first instance.
Cost. There is always a cost factor to
everything we do, whether it is fiscal or simply energy. There are some fiscal
costs for fencing, that is to be sure, fiscal and others. However, the
discussion focuses on the fiscal. Protective equipment and weapons will last
quite a while if they are looked after. Indeed, in some cases the equipment
will last longer than the individual using it. The initial outlay is for
essential equipment, but it is paid forward due to the longevity of the
equipment. Class costs, and other such things are up to the individual who is
giving the class. These are comparative to other activities. It is the smallest
factor hence discussed in the latter parts.
If you want to try fencing, do it.
If you have wondered whether you could fence, the only way to find out is by
doing it. Becoming a fencer has a few obstacles, but an individual can surmount
those with relative ease if they have a true desire. The longer a fencer continues
the more it becomes challenging, and the fencer embraces such challenges so
they can improve. There are many reasons why you should fence; many reasons you
should take up the sword again if you have lapsed. Even simply for the
exercise, fencing will get you going, but you never know, you might find other
reasons once you start.
Fencing is
Fun!
There are many reasons to take up fencing,
a lot of them have been detailed through these discussions. However, “the number one reason to start fencing as an adult is very
simple, It’s fun! Don’t underestimate the enjoyment factor.”[4] Fencing
has wonderful health benefits, but we must never underestimate the “fun factor”
just for itself. If you enjoy a thing, you are more likely to participate in it
and also excel in it. Fencing is certainly fun, and it will continue so long as
you do.[5]
Concerning the aspect of fun, fencing has one thing fun above almost all activities,
and certainly against other sports. One word, swords.
Swords
“Swords in general appeal to most kids.
Everyone in the world has been exposed to swords in some way – during backyard
games, in school plays, with friends, in movies. Swords and sword-fighting are
engraved in our culture in so many ways, regardless of where a given individual
is from. That’s one reason it appeals to every single person.”[6]
Adults are big kids,
often the difference between the adult and the child is the expense of their
toys. Adults are attracted to swords just as much as children are, this is
evident by the increasing number of blockbusters which involve swords. This was
so recognised, there was a fencing scene in one of the James Bond films using
different weapons.[7]
There are many books about swords, both fiction and non-fiction, you mention The
Three Musketeers or The Princess Bride, and most people know exactly
what you are talking about. Swords are present throughout most cultures, so the
opportunity to learn how to use one, how could it not appeal?
“Fencing is one of the five original sports
played in the Olympics. There’s something exciting about wielding a sword
toward an opponent that appeals to kids who love to play video games. That of
course is just about all kids. … We’ve even had some kids comment that fencing
makes them feel like they’re in some kind of virtual reality video game! That’s
with the exception of having the whole body move instead of just their fingers.
Why just sit on the couch and push buttons when you can stand up and do the things
that are in the video games? Today’s games often closely imitate swordplay with
controllers, which makes real fencing even better.”[8]
Beyond the movies, beyond the books, we see
swords in games, particularly we see them in video games, where the protagonist
uses the weapon to defeat enemies and rivals. Video games have a certain
imprint on children, who grow up to be adults and the presence of these weapons
in these games often inspires interest in them. What could be better than
getting to learn how to use the weapon in the game or movie? While the draw of
swords is claimed to appeal only to the younger, it certainly appeals to the
older as well, they just often don’t like to admit it. Swords will draw people
in, and fencing in its different forms certainly has swords, and they are fun.
Healthy Fun
If we want to please those who are
concerned about our health status let’s have a look at another part of fencing.
“The focus and aerobic activity associated with fencing
promote the release of endorphins–the brain’s natural feel-good chemicals.”[9] So, this
sort of fun releases natural chemicals into your bloodstream, which make you
feel good. This is certainly a healthy by-product of taking up a hobby which is
certainly healthy by its nature, but there’s more.
“Keeping yourself interested, enjoying what
you are doing is the best way to keep yourself mentally satisfied, happy, life
in a happy balance and healthy. Everyone around you will benefit from a happy
you.”[10]
There is a much longer discussion about the
healthy side of fencing presented in the next part of these discussions,
however, the relationship between the healthy and fun aspects needed noting
here. These two go hand-in-hand, happily all the time, when we are healthy, we
have more fun, and when we have more fun, we become healthier. Add the aspect
of swords and the body-movement to increase health, and you have the perfect
formula for a hobby which is good for you and will keep your interest.
Healthy
According to studies made, fencers have
increase bone and muscle mass, and fewer injuries than other athletes.[11] Such
extra muscle mass can only be healthy, and especially concerning older
individuals, this aspect leads to the prevention of osteoporosis. Fencing has
fewer injuries than most popular sports and indeed goes a way to protecting
those who participate in the activity through their training. To really delve
into the question of the healthy nature of fencing we need to investigate two
areas, and where they combine. So, first will be a discussion about the mind,
then the body, and finally mind and body together.
Mind
Some of the
information given about the benefits of fencing to the mind, focus on child
fencers and their performance. This is most often linked to school-work, and
other performances at school. However, similar benefits can be seen for adult
fencers in their mental attributes from participating in the same activity.
“Much like self-esteem, studies have shown
the positive impact of athletics on academic performance. Melding together
exercise, competition, and mental stimulation creates a lasting change in the
ability of kids to work across disciplines. Children seamlessly weave these
skills into their school-work, borrowing the skills that they build on the
fencing strip when they are under pressure during academic tasks.”[12]
Self-esteem is significant whether you are
a child or an adult, and fencing can certainly provide you with some.[13] The
process of becoming a fencer, and improving these skills is not an easy one,
anyone who takes the time to fence, and to learn fencing should be proud of
themselves. The mental skills, the adaptation of the mind to physical tasks,
the stimulation of the mind, are all good for you regardless of whether you are
a 6-year-old, or a 60-year-old. Such mental stimulation has been demonstrated
to improve the life of older people as much as it does younger.
The person with the sword is you, so any
successes are yours. “Since fencing is an individual
sport, fencers can see a direct correlation between their efforts and their
achievements.”[14] The
achievements are immediately demonstratable, if a person has learnt something
properly, they can do it. The fencer learns what skills they have learnt and
trained properly when they successfully use them. This direct correlation
between effort and result is most useful, and can demonstrate progress, even
when it is slow.
“because fencing involves critical thinking
and strategy, many studies suggest that it helps improve academic performance.
The problem-solving skills children develop in fencing can translate into
better focus, memory, and cognitive flexibility in school.”[15]
The fencer must look at their opponent,
analyse what they are going to do, and then find an action to counter it.
Further, as the fencer’s skills progress, the analysis goes beyond the first
move to the second, and even third moves. This is the reason it is regarded as
a kind of physical chess. Each part of this process is a form of problem
solving, encouraging the fencer to not only out-perform their opponent, but
out-think them as well.
“Fencing students learn tools to help them
analyze situations, make complex decisions quickly, and think on their feet.
The speed of a fencing match is quick, and learning to pull one’s entire focus
into the moment is a skill that they can use in the classroom not just now, but
on into college and beyond.”[16]
There are many situations in which we are
expected to think on our feet and give a solution. Fencing requires this of the
fencer, due to the speed of the encounters, there is no time for pausing in an
engagement, the solution must be immediate. This ability to focus has
advantages not only for the classroom but even further in their professional
and social lives. Individuals who embrace the mental skills fencing gives have
a great advantage in life.
Body
“The dynamic nature of
fencing leads to improvements in several aspects of health. Relying on both
aerobic and anaerobic exercise, fencing improves circulation of oxygen in the
body as well as the ability of muscles to work harder and longer. The quick footwork
and flexibility involved in fencing develops strength and endurance. Fencers
implement full ranges of movement and are constantly in motion, which enhances
their coordination and balance, and the rapid responses in attacking and
defending contribute to better agility.”[17]
The obvious reason to
fence is it is great for the body. There are many aspects of fencing which have
been proven to have significant positive effects on the body. The following
will discuss some of them and give an idea of the reasons it is a good idea to
find a club and pick up a sword. These are the reasons and things your local
doctor wants you to do, and to improve so you can be healthier. “One of the biggest advantages of fencing is
that it provides a full-body workout without the repetitive strain of
high-impact sports.”[18] Most people think fencing is good work for the arms and legs, but
little else, however the movements of fencing ensure that the fencer gets a
good, full-body workout when they participate.
The activities of fencing can only be good
for you. “Not only do you get to play with swords, you’ll
improve your posture and core strength with movements similar to those used in
rehab physio treatment.”[19] Indeed,
fencing is used for the rehabilitation of the blind in particular which is
discussed in another section. Fencing stretches muscles you didn’t know you
had, makes your heart pump, and gives you all the interest of learning how to
use a sword.
“Fencing actions, such as advances,
retreats, lunges, and bladework, build strong arms and legs, as well as a
strong core. With continued practice, fencing enhances respiratory and muscle
endurance through regular vigorous practices.”[20]
The more you attend fencing practices and
actively participate, the more you will notice your health increasing due to
not only the exercise you are participating in, but also the stretching of your
body, bringing it back to life. While there are certain physical benefits which
are talked about more than others, knowing more can only demonstrate just how
significant your fencing training can be to increasing your health.
Muscles
“Fencing can also be a strength training
workout. Keep in mind that a fencer must hold their weapon at the ready at all
times, and maintaining that posture is going to build up muscle strength. The
challenge of holding the correct form, while holding your sword of choice,
while lunging, striking, or avoiding a hit builds muscle. That means core
strength, leg and arm strength, and muscle control as well.”[21]
One of the obvious parts of the body
fencing will work on is your muscles. Most people will simply consider the
hands and arms, maybe the legs, but there is more to it. The nature of fencing
actions activates many of the body’s muscles, including those which are most
useful in a health sense. Consider the building of the core strength, and thus
its effect upon the skeletal structure, especially the back. Further, the
activation of such muscles in fencing will build them and give the fencer a
good work-out.
Cardio
“Fencing is practiced while wearing layers
of protective gear, including pants, and underarm protector, a jacket, a
metallic vest (in Foil and Saber), gloves and a mask. All this clothing and
gear makes the body sweat more during intense combat and burn calories at a
rapid rate, helping participants to lose weight and maintain a healthy weight.
It helps tone the body, leading to increased self-esteem.”[22]
Movement causes your heart to pump blood
more quickly around your body. Active movement, such as fencing, increases the
heart-rate to ensure the body is supplied with fresh blood throughout the body.
The additional clothing being worn makes the body work harder because it is
extra weight put on the body, and thus extra strain, so the heart needs to work
faster. With all these parts of the body working, it is little surprise that
you will sweat and burn calories. One could claim, everything else is a bonus.
“Fencing is a great cardio workout, it gets
that heart pumping! By moving back and forth on the strip, doing lunges and
quick recoveries, your child will naturally build up lung capacity and
endurance. When you watch a fencing match, you see that the fencers are
constantly moving. That movement adds up to lots of blood pumping and tons of
cardio endurance.”[23]
Consider the last time you were exercising
especially after a long break. It is no doubt that your endurance was reduced.
The nature of fencing activities causes your body to work harder and thus
increases your endurance. This aspect is important as if your endurance wanes
then your ability to focus, and act, will also be reduced. All of these are
essential for an individual to get through a fencing bout, let alone an entire
tournament. Consider the health benefits of these activities, and you will see why
fencing is a great activity to pursue.
Fine motor control
Fine motor control considers those aspects
of movement which consider the small muscles in the hands and wrists. This
control is essential for things such as typing, hand-writing, opening jars and
the like. “Fencers require proper timing and coordination
to perform at their best. They regularly conduct drills and exercises that
sharpen reflexes and fine motor skills.”[24] The
manipulation of the sword to perform activities necessary are essential to
successful fencing, thus we find that fine motor control can be developed
through fencing. This is especially the case in drills, where actions are
repeated. “Repeating these actions leads to better
hand-eye coordination, stronger muscles and increased flexibility.”[25]
Hand-eye coordination is especially linked to fine motor control. Thus, taking
up fencing can increase the individual’s fine motor control, and their hand-eye
coordination simultaneously. On a broader perspective, fencing with all its
advantages provides protection against disease.
Protection
“Flexibility and agility improve as fencers
develop their footwork, and a series of exercises allows them to change
direction quickly and engage in explosive movements. Flexibility and agility
are closely associated with overall physical health and avoiding injury,
particularly in older adults.”[26]
Falls, and breakage of bones is a concern
for older adults, and the physical attributes acquired by participating in
fencing can reduce both the effect and instance of such incidents. With the
variety of movements and exercises performed in fencing, the activities build
ability to defend the body against physical assault, both from accidents and
illness.
The aspect
of coordination has been discussed previously, with its connection to fine
motor control. The increase in musculature has also been addressed in a section
of its own previously. However, strong bones are a good prevention for injury,
but also against such things as osteoporosis; this is an activity which
promotes health for a lifetime.[27] There are a variety of health benefits, in
the protective aspect which fencing gives.
“Because fencing is based on combat, it is a
fast-paced series of movements. The adrenaline and rapid actions get the heart
pumping and oxygen flowing. Regular cardio has been found to help with lowering
cholesterol, increasing stamina, strengthening the heart and lungs, reducing
the risk of heart disease, and diminishing stress levels.”[28]
Fencing, and training in fencing, not only
promotes good physical health, but it promotes good mental health as well. The
aspect of the advantages of fencing to the mind are addressed in another
section of this discussion, however, it is important to note the effect of
physical activity, the movement of the body on such things. There are stated
effects which promote a better life for the individual who chooses to fence.
Antidote to Sitting
We spend too much time sitting. We sit when
we travel. We sit when we enjoy entertainment. Many of us sit when we work.
This results in various parts of our body being neglected, that otherwise
wouldn’t be if we were more active. Fencing is a perfect response and activity
against such issues.
“It’s a great antidote for the desk based
professional as you’re using your upper body, back and glutes that get
neglected in sitting positions. The ‘en guard’ position is a sustained squat
from which other movements, such as lunges and rapid forward and backward
stepping follows. The strength gained will enhance your overall posture.”[29]
The advantages and protection a fencer will
acquire by actively participating in fencing have been given a lot of detail.
Further, there are other aspects which the fencer acquires during their
participation, some of which are addressed in other discussions concerning
health, but it is notable, fencing provides an antidote to the sitting we do on
such a regular occurrence. While this discussion has focused on the physical
benefits, it has indicated some of the mental benefits of fencing, and the
advantage this activity has over some others is it is fun.
Mind and Body
“Fencers duel with mind and body.”[30]
One of the reasons that fencing is promoted
as a rehabilitation treatment, and encouraged in schools for children, is the
combination of mind and body which are used in fencing. There have been
previous discussions about the benefits to the mind, and the benefits to the
body, and even in these we notice how there is an instant cross-over between
the mind and the body. We often talk about the health of the body, but
sometimes the mind gets left behind. Then, there are other cases where mental
health is discussed, but the body gets left behind. This mind-body dualism
which perpetuated medicine which we see in earlier works is now being rejected
for a universal concept of health, where the mind and body are addressed
together, or at least not alone.
“You arrive at the club after an exhausting
or stressful day. By the time you leave, you are drenched in sweat, mind clear,
stress of the day gone. You’ve become completely immersed in the moment, mind
focused – It’s just not possible to think about other things when someone has a
sword in your face and is challenging you! You’ve had a great work-out,
challenged yourself and didn’t even realize it.”[31]
Stress is a problem in our modern world and
people try to get rid of it in different ways. Some try meditation, some try
different games and sports. The advantage of fencing is you get a workout for
your body; your brain becomes active while you are fencing and becomes focused
on your opponent. The rest of the world just melts away. Stress levels reduce
from the combination of aerobic exercise and the focus required for fencing.
“Fencing is quickly becoming a popular sport
for parents to choose for their children for a number of reasons. It’s
beneficial for both the brain and body, as fencing is one of the only sports
that requires a mental skill that matches the physical skill that’s required.”[32]
There are likely other sports which engage
both mind and body, but it is in fencing where it is clear. The individual
needs to have the quick mind to sort what the opponent wants to do but also
needs to have a certain level of physicality to perform the action required,
thus, for adults as much as children, fencing is a pastime it is useful to
engage with. This combination of mind and body has superior effects over any
activity which only engages either in such a way.
“Fencing is more than
physical. A fencing victory demands acute analysis and strategic skills to
outwit one’s opponent, matched with fast-paced improvisation in the heat of the
match. A fencer must engage in rapid shifts in focus and decision-making based
on the interpretation of one’s opponent. These skills are progressively refined
over time and contribute to one’s overall mental sharpness.”[33]
A person with a
certain level of mental skill will find themselves finding the essential gaps
in their opponent’s defences. They will begin to analyse the actions of
different fencers and identify different favourite actions, or ones which are
simply performed on instinct. This is a level of sharpness required by fencing
to engage with an opponent, but there is also the physical aspect, because the
fencer needs to be in the right place at the right time, performing the action
to succeed. Neither should be over-emphasised; the mind and body need to work
together.
“Fencing is often compared to chess because
opponents have to think several moves in advance and react logically to an
action. However, it is more challenging than chess because it also includes
intense physical activity. Fencing is an intense workout for the mind involving
fast logic as the fencer utilizes a calm mind in a fast-paced and high-pressure
environment. Fencing helps participants learn to pay attention and develop
their decision-making abilities, which will help them not only on the fencing strip,
but also in the classroom."[34]
Fencers who think are fencers who succeed.
There is a logical sequence of actions present in fencing, each engagement has
a different sequence of actions, and it is learning these sequences and
learning how to use them to the fencer’s advantage which allows them to think
moves ahead like in chess. More, these sequences are performed with quick
actions, in response to quick actions from the opponent. Fencing is a work-out
for both the body and the mind together. The types of skills a fencer learns as
they go through classes and engage with another is quite broad and demonstrates
the mind-body combination.
“To succeed in fencing,
you must be prepared to develop a wide range of skills, including quick
reflexes, agility, endurance, and strategic thinking. In addition, you have to
read and anticipate your opponent’s movements and adapt your own strategy and
tactics accordingly.”[35]
There are skills to be
learnt, skills which are particular to fencing, and skills which are useful in
other pursuits as well. When examining an activity, it is essential to look at
it both from a focused perspective, but also a broad one. This way the skills
present can not only be used for the activity but noted for areas in which they
will be useful in other situations. This goes as much for the mental skills as
for the physical ones.
“It requires both physically aggressive
moves where you are on the offense and mental agility to read the cues from
your opponent to perform defensive moves. These often have to happen at the
same time or within seconds of one another. It’s a constant back and forth,
keeping the fencer’s mind on its toes as well as their feet on their toes!”[36]
Think, you are facing your opponent, first
you have to gauge them maybe get some idea of the physical aspects present,
length of arm, height, and so forth. Then the movement begins, your opponent
reacting to your actions as they react to yours. Then the weapons become
engaged, and you need to gauge how heavy their pressure is, how it is
responding to yours and so forth. The opponent attacks, you must respond, not
only defending yourself but analysing their movements, before you make your
reply. A fencing bout is a good way to work both your body and mind, to keep
yourself sharp and healthy.
“Fencing keeps your mind alert, active and
making critical thinking decisions. Staying healthy is much easier with a sport
you look forward to practicing – it’s not a workout its a duel! Every person
you fence thinks differently, reacts in their own way which keeps the sport
very interesting and every duel unique. Will you get bored? No, actually the
better you get at fencing the more you want to learn, practice and duel (called
bouting) against different people. There are competition categories for many different
age groups.”[37]
Quick, and critical decision making is
essential to fencing. You must determine the best response to your opponent’s
actions while determining the action that will give you the greatest advantage.
All of this while moving in the correct direction at the correct time and
moving your weapon to the correct position at the correct time. Each opponent
is a puzzle you must figure out to find the best approach to fencing them. This
gives both the body and the mind a work-out. When you improve there will always
be something more to learn, and different opponents with different approaches,
advantages, and disadvantages to face.
“fencing moves help to
improve coordination and strength, which can boost confidence in one’s physical
abilities. Additionally, the mental focus and quick decision-making required in
fencing can help to build confidence in one’s mental capabilities. The individualized
nature of fencing also allows for personal growth and success, which can
further boost confidence.”[38]
By learning how to
fence and participating in the drills properly, you begin to gain more
confidence in the skills presented. Such skills will often test the individual
and assist with improving physical attributes. These drills are to practise the
skills so they can be used in a bout. The bout is a good chance to practise new
skills with an uncooperative partner, so you can see how they work. Success,
both in drill and bout, will give you confidence in these skills, but will also
give you more confidence about your physicality. The decision which skill needs
to be used is a matter of quick thinking and decision-making which will also
improve this aspect. In this way, due to the personal nature of fencing you
will see your growth demonstrated, all along with getting a great work-out for
your body and mind.
“Fencing is a powerful workout for both the
body and the mind. Unlike most team sports, it’s highly individual, so kids see
a direct connection between their effort and progress. It builds focus,
confidence, and discipline; skills that are useful beyond the sport. Dubbed
“physical chess” for its intricate strategy, fencing offers the thrill and
speed of real action.”[39]
In team sports, the result is the effect of
the team working together. Fencing is an individual sport, so the result is the
effect of the individual’s performance. This means progression, both physical
and mental are much more easily tracked by the individual. These results show
how hard the individual has worked, as such they can build confidence and
discipline, regardless of the individual’s age. These skills are useful to the
individual in other situations, academic, social, and in the workplace. The term
“physical chess” is a good example, except you need to think of playing a game
of chess where you have a second, more often less, to make your move. Fencing
is enjoyable and exciting in its nature. The benefits of fencing include
learning technique, agility,
physical fitness, and overcoming challenging situations under pressure; to
achieve this it is necessary the individual learn their lessons properly and as
they progress, they will become healthier.[40]
To remain healthy both the brain and body need to be used.
“Remember that phrase “use if or lose it?”
Learning new skills will keep your brain healthy, active, while the physical
activity will help your body, the mental exertion used in fencing will keep
your brain challenged and stimulated.”[41]
Fencing is low-impact especially in
comparison to some other sports. This low-impact activity prevents the body
from stagnating or deteriorating, often pushing this process in the other
direction as the fencer becomes more active. Further, with new skills to learn,
and new opponents to face, it certainly keeps the brain active as well. “There is always something to learn or improve. Fencing offers
endless opportunities to grow stronger, physically and mentally.”[42]
If you engage with it fully, fencing
promotes health and growth. It gives you a chance not only to exercise your
body, but also your mind. The heritage of fencing goes well back into our
history, meaning there is hundreds of years of information about fencing for
you to access. Not to mention fencing actions will always be better if they are
practised more often, and the mental aspect will always be increased the more
you fence with different people.
“your child learns to trust their instincts.
They have to follow through so quickly that their training must kick in in
order for them to react appropriately. It’s a great thing for a child to be
challenged and then to follow through and conquer that challenge.”[43]
The trust of instincts applies just as much
to adult fencers as it does to child fencers. This enables the individual not
only to react more appropriately in a fencing bout, but also in other social
situations. The learning from fencing flows through into every-day life. The
great advantage about fencing is almost anyone can participate.
“If you’re looking to try something
different as a form of exercise then fencing could be the option for you.
Fencing will provide great physical and mental stimuli and is well suited to
all body types and either gender due to it’s emphasis of skill and technique
over pure strength.”[44]
When people think of athletes, they think
of toned, muscled individuals, and then question how they could possibly be
anywhere near their class and so eliminate any ideas about participating in such
activities. Fencing is an activity where there are few restrictions, especially
for beginners. Individuals of many ages participate, along with different
genders. The skills you learn are the most important, fencers face different
opponents of different sizes and with other differences, each new fencer is
simply a new puzzle for the fencer to unravel. Fencing is an activity of the
mind and body and is a good way to get healthy and stay there.
Fencing is a healthy activity for both the
mind and body, as has been presented here. There are further discussions about
where this connects to other aspects presented in these discussions, however,
the above gives a good overview of the subjects. Where things become more
interesting is where the concept of the social aspect of fencing is added to
the advantages to the mind and body, as it is much easier to participate in an
activity with friends.
Safe
“Despite the use of swords, fencing is one
of the safest combat sports for children. With protective gear, rigorous safety
standards, and strict rules, the risk of injury is significantly lower compared
to other contact sports.”[45]
Fencing is a safe
sport. The rates for injury while participating in fencing are quite low,
especially compared to other contact sports, and even against some non-contact
sports. “When it comes to
injuries during a competition, fencing is relatively safe. Compared to other
sports like soccer or gymnastics, fencing has an incredibly low rate of
injury.”[46] The lessons of the past have certainly been learnt by the people
who make the specifications for equipment, and more importantly the rules
associate.
“While rare, most injuries are related to
the physicality of fencing and are like the injuries you’d find in any other
sport. Think of muscle injuries from not properly warming up, stretching, or
using poor form during a bout. Those injuries are the kind of thing that can be
prevented through repetition and better practice.”[47]
The type of injury
often tends to be strains to the limbs and other such injuries which are
usually the result of poor preparation for the activity. During a competition,
especially where the margin is tight an individual might push themselves a
little beyond what they should, and this will result in an injury. The body
needs to be cared for during fencing, or any other activity for that matter,
proper warming up and stretching are essential to the safety of the individual.
The teachers watch and
ensure participants are following the appropriate rules and always teach with a
concern for the student’s development. This applies to both adult and child
students alike. “The controlled
environment ensures that children learn proper techniques without unnecessary
risks.”[48] Experienced teachers instruct their students to perform the correct
techniques, focusing on their development, and discouraging risky behaviour. A
technique may score against the opponent, but if it is risky to either the
fencer or the opponent, then it should not be encouraged, and experienced
teachers certainly won’t. There is a strong heritage of safety in fencing which
goes back beyond the end of the duel with swords.
Social
“fencing can also
provide an opportunity for individuals to develop their social skills, such as
communication, sportsmanship, and teamwork. The sport also requires fencers to
think critically and strategize, which can help them develop problem-solving skills
and confidence in their own abilities. Fencing can also provide a sense of
accomplishment and a positive outlet for stress, which can lead to improved
mental well-being.”[49]
The aspects of fencing
which are mostly promoted are how good fencing are for the mind and body, which
is a tendency to focus on the individual. However, there are broader aspects to
consider, there are social benefits. There are aspects which are unique to
fencing, but which make it excellent for teaching the student important things
about their society, and to interact better with other members of society. This
starts with some of the rules and traditions of fencing and then grows outward.
Respect and Fair Play
Fencing developed directly from the duels
fought by gentlemen in the 16th-century and onward. One can trace
the use of the sword much further back, but much of that was armoured combat,
which is quite different from unarmoured, or civilian combat, upon which this
form of fencing[50]
is based. One of the important aspects of these civilian combats was courtesy
to the opponent, a tradition which continues. “Fencing
traditions, such as saluting opponents, helping an opponent up off the floor,
and presenting one’s hand after the bout, instil principles of respect and fair
play.”[51]
These rules are important to fencing, the traditions upon which they are based
are centuries old, and to disrespect your opponent is to disrespect those who
came before us.
The fencer should carry themselves well,
control their emotions when fencing, and give credit where credit is due. “Win or lose, fencers learn how to accept the outcome of an
event graciously. Bad day at a big competition? They move on and cheer for
friends still in the tournament.”[52]
Everybody has bad days; everyone messes up now and then. We should take these
as learning experiences. This aspect of respect has flowed down through the
ages, and we must respect our current fencers, teachers, and the codes fencing
is governed by.[53]
To disrespect such codes is to disrespect every fencer who came before you.
There is a wide community of individuals who use swords, this community crosses
the globe, and travels back through the centuries, everyone is bound by their
pursuit of the art of the sword.
Community
When we think of fencing, we mostly think
of an individual who is competing with another one. Each individual choses and
uses their actions, and the other responds, there is little effect from the
outside world; this does not mean there is no community. “Fencing
clubs are friendly communities where adults can meet new friends and share
camaraderie.”[54] By
taking up the sword, you are joining a world-wide community of practitioners.
Each individual has their experiences; each individual has their successes and
failures to share. Many people have found life-long friends among this
community.
“you will be meeting very interesting people
when you start to fence, from many walks of life. You’ll make new friends
usually out of your own social circle, and you’ll have an instant connection in
common.”[55]
There is a wide range of people who have
taken up the sword. Each one of them has their own story to tell. You will find
individuals from many different social circles, people who you would never have
expected to meet in your life can be found in such circles. The thing is that
you have a connection to all of these people as soon as you take up the sword,
and often after you have put it down, though, fencers certainly have long
careers. “Although it is essentially an individual sport,
the club environment promotes teamwork, support, and the development of
leadership skills.”[56] People
work with one another within clubs to improve the performance of each other.
The best thing to find in such a community is a rival, a person who will push
you. This can even be a good friend (it’s even better if they are), or a member
of your family. The purpose of such associations is to assist each other to
improve.
Family
“Many parents started fencing as a way to
connect to their child or each other. Those that have at least tried it gained
a much better understanding that has helped their child. Many have found a
shared passion for the sport with their kids that created a much deeper bond
and understanding.”[57]
There is sometimes a gap between parents
and children, they do different things, are interested in different things, and
come from different eras. Fencing has remained pretty much the same for the
past decades; the only differences have been some improvements in safety. If a
parent and child take up fencing together, they can learn together and even
help one another where they are having difficulties. There is nothing like
having a person who is studying the same thing as you to bounce ideas off, and
to help one another keep focused when training, or exercises may seem tedious.
The aspect of friendly competition can also create a strong bond between
parents and children who participate in fencing. Fencing will also teach the
adult how the child thinks, and vice versa, which can only help a relationship.
Training
“Learning how to deal with a defeat in
fencing is different from training. Fencers continue working on whatever
adjustments and improvements are needed for the next competition. This becomes
as automatic as footwork.”[58]
A defeat can be the best thing, because you
have learnt something from the experience. If you learn from the experience,
then you succeed. If you don’t learn from the experience of defeat, you will
stagnate, others will learn and you will be defeated more often. Training is an
important part of fencing; through defeats a fencer learns their weaknesses and
works on improving those areas. But there is more to it, “Regular
training and striving for improvement lead to a certain level of discipline,
which is, of course, transferred into schoolwork, work, and your personal
life.”[59]
Discipline can see us through many troubles, simply by focusing on what we need
to do to break out from the troubles. With discipline the individual will not
stray, not be distracted, will attend their training regularly, and will see
improvements more quickly than a person who is easily distracted. Such concepts
are easily applied to the world outside fencing.
For Everyone
“Fencing is mentally fun and challenging and
you don’t realize the incredible work out you get as the time flies by. You’ll
be getting and staying in shape without having to get on a treadmill. You don’t
have to be in great athletic shape to start, just have the desire to learn
something new and you will progress in fitness and fencing at your own pace.”[60]
Fencing is for everyone. This is one of the
great advantages of the Art of Defence, anyone who wants to participate, can
participate, if they throw themselves into the practices of the activity.
Beyond the many health benefits of fencing, it is just plain fun. Fencers can
start at any age and have a fruitful fencing-life. Indeed, such participation
will extend their life, simply because they are being active in both mind and
body. Most people think of people starting in their childhood, or maybe in
their twenties, but fencers really can start at any age.
Any Age
“Think fencing is just for kids? Think
again! The benefits of fencing for adults are just as compelling. Whether you
want to get in shape, relieve stress, meet people, or try something new,
fencing offers a fun and rewarding challenge.”[61]
Fencers are usually depicted as younger
individuals. Most of the competitors at the Olympics and so forth are in their
late 20s, which might imply there is a cap to the age at which a person can
start fencing. This is simply not the case. Older individuals can get all the
advantages of their younger counterparts. There are many advantages you can
gain from taking up fencing. Indeed, these discussions are intended to show
these advantages.
“You might have wondered if it’s too late to
give it a try. The answer is no, it’s not too late in fact . . . picking up sword as an adult is one of the
best times to start fencing! Many people start fencing
after high school, college, mid to late 20’s, 30’s, 40’s, 50’s and through
every age group to 85. As an adult you’ll learn quicker and progress faster
than most children. Your life experience is an advantage.”[62]
It is never too late to give fencing
a go. There are even many examples where fencing is now being offered in aged
care facilities as a way to get people moving. These individuals can gain all
of the same advantages a fencer can in their earlier years. It is just a matter
of giving it a go. “Fencing is a sport you can enjoy for
a lifetime, from youth programs to competitions for veterans– adults aged 40
years and up. There is always a place for you”[63] All you
need to do is go along and have a go. The mature fencer has the advantage of
life experience behind them, they also have the inquisitive mind, which often
more easily sees connections between different aspects in fencing.
There is nothing like fencing to get the
brain and body activated, especially as both are essential for the individual
to progress effectively. “It doesn’t matter the timing
when you start, fencing will get your mind and body moving in a fun and
exciting way and reap huge rewards.”[64] Posture
improves, limbs become more flexible, muscle grows in response to the activity,
all these things benefit individual, regardless of their age, and these are
only the physical advantages.
“Fencing is relatively low-impact, making it
a good fit for people of all fitness levels. Many fencers continue competing or
practicing well into their senior years, proving it’s never too late to pick up
a sword.”[65]
Fencing is excellent exercise for people of
any fitness level or age because of its relatively low-impact nature. Indeed,
people with disabilities have found great advantages to participating in
fencing. Individuals who fence work on their bodies and their minds at the same
time, such activities which have been proven to both extend life and improve
its quality. Fencing will get you moving, regardless the age you happen to be
and give you all the advantages of participating, all you have to do is go along
and engage. “Yes, fencing is a life-long sport. There are
people in their 80’s and 90’s fencing competitively”[66]
Child
Fencing
Why would a
parent want to teach their child how to use a sword? Why would anyone want to
know how to use a sword? We might be inspired by movies such as “The Three
Musketeers” or “The Mask of Zorro”, but as a weapon it is certainly outdated in
our modern world. There are many advantages gained from learning how to fence,
and some of these are addressed in other parts. While the discussion below
focuses on child fencing the same advantages gained by the child student can
also be gained by the adult student.
Social Advantages
“Studies show time and again how the impact
of participating in sports can positively influence your child. Fencing is one
of the best in that it can combine the elements of both an individual sport
(such as tennis or golf) with a team sport (such as soccer or baseball).”[67]
Most people think of fencing as a single
individual competing against another, thus as an individual sport. Even the
“team” events are still a single individual competing against another, even
though the scores are combined for the best team. There is a certain social
aspect present in fencing, which is unavoidable, because of the human contacts
made between individuals. They all have things in common, one of those elements
is the values which are common to fencers, values which are ingrained into the
student as they progress through their lessons and bout with other students.
Values
“Fencing is often referred to as
"physical chess" because of the tactical skills required. Beyond the
physical and mental benefits for kids, fencing instills discipline and
respect—values that children can carry throughout their lives.”[68]
There are certain values associated with
fencing. These values have been present throughout its history from the
Medieval days of knights contesting in single combat, through the gentlemen
settling matters of honour with rapier and smallsword. There have been values
presented, respect present. Some of these values seem to have been reduced in
our societies over time, but the fencer who carries these values with them will
earn respect. The fencer is responsible for upholding these values both on and
off the arena.
What is it about these values? “For parents looking for a sport that will teach their kids
profound lessons that will cross over into their academic and professional
lives, fencing is definitely the way to go.”[69] There
is an element of “fair play” present in all kinds of sports, but this notion of
respect for the opponent sees no greater representation than in fencing. “Fencing Athletes must learn proper etiquette, such as saluting
their opponent before and after a bout and showing sportsmanship, whether they
win or lose.”[70] The
concept of sportsmanship is also present across the sporting arena, however
fencing elevates this concept to a new level. The fencer who shows respect,
shows proper etiquette, through their fencing career will be a fencer who is
respected throughout their career, beyond the results of matches or
tournaments. Fencing places the responsibility for the actions of the
individual upon the individual, as all people should. The fencer is always
responsible for their actions.
“As an individual sport, you are responsible
for your wins and losses (although there are some elements that you cannot
control). How you are able to implement what you’ve learned in practice over
and over again in competition can feel really good. Whether you win or lose,
your child can step back and look at their performance and say, you know what?
I did the best that I could! And now I know what I have to do better next
time!”[71]
There are always elements you cannot
control. However, the fencer is always responsible for the elements they
control. Their attitude, approach, and actions, these things are the
responsibility of the fencer. They are the things the fencer can control. They
way they implement their actions reflects what they have practiced, and what
they haven’t. Whether the fencer is a child or an adult, they will know whether
they performed their best, what they did or did not do, and know where they
need to improve to do better next time. However, there is a community which can
assist the fencer reach their goals, a commonality across all fencers, simply
because they fence.
Community
“Fencing is an individual sport, but it also
fosters a strong sense of community. Children build confidence as they refine
their skills, face new opponents, and set personal goals. Many young fencers
develop friendships with teammates and competitors alike, creating a supportive
and encouraging environment.”[72]
The concept of developing a friendship with
an opponent might seem difficult to understand.[73]
However, such relationships can foster greater improvements in the fencers, one
another buoying the other’s improvement. The individual’s personal goals may be
personal, but they can be supported by the community around them, if they will
let them. There is an instant element of commonality among all fencers, because
they fence. This is a perfect foundation for relationships which can
potentially be life-long.
“It’s not just kids who are on the same team
that become close friends, nor is it kids who fence the same weapon. We find
that fencers make friendships with older fencers who become mentors to them and
then with younger fencers who they become mentors for. There is a camaraderie
in fencing among those training together that is unlike anything else.”[74]
Fencers can easily become friends through
their commonality, whether this relationship begins simply from giving a tip,
or something more. Each generation of fencers has a responsibility to foster
the generation of fencers which follows them. These younger fencers are the
next set of teammates and opponents. There is a camaraderie among fencers due
to their similar pursuits and trials. Nothing like an older fencer coming to
correct a mistake of a younger, because they experienced the results of not
fixing it, and because they know how to fix it. This sense of camaraderie
extends back into history; the fencer becomes a member of a history and
brotherhood which has existed since swords were used against one another.
“Fencing increases confidence and allows
participants to build relationships with other likeminded people who enjoy
strategy, logic and physical prowess. Through fencing, the pressure of
competitions tends to bring participants together and help people develop a
sense of self-worth and community.”[75]
The new fencer takes their place in a
worldwide community of fencers. Fencers of different nationalities have
something in common, they both fence, something that can breach language and
cultural boundaries.[76] All the
members of this community understand the enjoyment of fencing against an
opponent, developing skills, learning different strategies. Even in
competitions, there is a camaraderie which exists between opponents, an
appreciation of strategy and skill demonstrated.
“Young fencers meet each other again and
again on the tournament circuit once they get to a certain level in the sport.
They become friends even as they are opponents! This is a hallmark of
competitive fencing.”[77]
There are some who might not understand how
an opponent can become a friend. However, such individuals have likely not
experienced the pursuit of a goal, which requires an opponent. If there is no
one to fence, there is no fencing. The opponent is a potential friend; they
just happen to be an opponent when they are met sword in hand. Off the
competition arena, there is a commonality of fencing, more, there is a
commonality of an experience of facing one another. This is often all the spark
required to begin a long friendship.
The Whole Package
“Fencing is an ideal sport for children,
offering physical fitness, mental agility, discipline, and a safe environment
to grow and compete. It builds confidence, encourages social interaction, and
can even improve academic performance.”[78]
Throughout these
discussions, some of these positive elements of fencing have been mentioned,
however they do bare mentioning again. While this discussion may be discussing
children in particular, the adult fencer will gain the same advantages. Each of
these aspects is a reason university fencing clubs remain well supported by
students, parents, and the university.
Fencing gives the
overall package in a way that many other sports and activities do not. “If you want a sport that will build your
child physically, mentally, and socially, fencing is a great choice. The
benefits of sports for children extend far beyond fitness:”[79] some activities are especially good for developing the individual’s
mind, others their body, others are simply good for social interaction, fencing
has it all. This is an activity which has advantages for adults as well as
children.
We want to be healthy, and we want our
children to be healthy as well, “fencing requires
children to develop strategic thinking, quick decision-making, and strong
hand-eye coordination.”[80] Not only does fencing provide active
participation, movement of the body and development of such skills associated,
the fencer who thinks has the advantage over the other. These skills allow the
individual to expand, to gain a greater understanding of others.
“Fencing teaches kids
to listen, follow instructions, and develop the self-discipline required for
regular practice. They learn to focus on their opponents’ movements to gain
advantages.”[81]
The “physical chess” may be an overused
concept. However it is truly effective as both require strategic thinking to
exploit an opponent’s weakness. Both need practise for the individual to
improve and play better. Learning is a process, and learning a skill takes
learning, but also dedicated practise to improve. “Kids
learn to set goals, overcome obstacles, and celebrate triumphs, big and small.”[82] Some
mental aspects of fencing are often overlooked in favour of others. The
importance of celebrating victories, in proportion to their importance, is an
essential part of anyone’s development, let alone a child. If we can set goals,
we can find direction. If we can overcome obstacles, we can continue along that
direction toward our goal. These are essential skills for adults and children
alike; these prevent an individual from wandering aimlessly. For parents, “fencing can improve self-esteem, how it can combat kid’s
constant longing for electronic devices, and even how fencing can improve
behavior and academics at school.”[83] We have
computers, laptops, tablets, and phones which give us access to an almost
unlimited amount of information, and entertainment. It is not only children who
need a diversion which does not result in looking at a screen. The mental
attributes presented for fencing almost seem like an addendum to this
achievement. However, there are significant.
“Children who fence competitively learn to
deal with intense pressure, cope gracefully with success as well as defeat,
learn persistence, gain personal confidence, develop good posture, become
experienced in rapid and creative problem solving, differentiate themselves
from other kids and gain a highly competitive edge. Modern fencing has many
benefits and advantages as compared to other sports.”[84]
There is nothing like standing in front of
an opponent. The adrenaline begins to run, even before the bout has started.
The pressure begins as soon as you or your opponent moves, a decision needs to
be made, instantly. The mind is as active as the body. Once the bout is over,
there is a person who has won, and one who has lost. An individual should shake
the hand of their opponent and leave, without anyone knowing who won or lost.
Such conditions result in an individual who gains advantages in mind, body, and
their social interactions.
“Fencing provides an opportunity for
children to learn to cope with the pressure of competition and gain the ability
to respond to victories and losses gracefully. They also make lasting
friendships with teammates and competitors alike. Overall, fencing helps to
shape well-rounded, resilient youths.”[85]
People who take up fencing result in
well-rounded fencers. They remain fencers regardless of whether they fence once
or more times a week, or they fence rarely. The same attributes present in the
junior fencer will be found in the veteran, simply more developed. The
individual who takes up fencing has the opportunity to become a well-rounded
individual regardless of their age. Inspired by the right kinds of coaches and
veteran fencers a child fencers could become the next great generation.
Any Shape
Fencers, lean, mean, fencing machines,
right? Need to be fit as a fiddle, have strong limbs, great cardio, and be of a
particular shape to excel? Nope. “You don’t have to be
the physical jock to have equal success in fencing. The thinker who can out
strategize has the same odds of success.”[86] Fencing
is an activity which involves both mind and body, the pair of them need
to work together for a fencer to truly excel and understand the art in which
they are participating.
“fencing is accessible to children of all
body types. Success in fencing relies on technique, agility, and strategy
rather than brute strength. This inclusivity makes it a sport where every child
can excel, regardless of their physical build.”[87]
One might claim that a fencer with a tall
stature and long limbs has the advantage over a person who is shorter with
shorter limbs. It is the way the fencer engages with the opponent, and their
training which decides whether they will succeed or not. Physicality lays some
foundational elements; the presentation of skills and strategy is where fencing
is truly decided. Fencing is open to everyone.
“The other major point is that fencing is
a sport that nearly anyone can participate in. Whether you are big or
small, young or not-so-young, female or male, or even in many cases if you
don’t have much of a “natural” athletic ability.”[88]
With application and modification, by both
fencer and teacher, there are few individuals who cannot participate in
fencing. Fencing does not bias itself to any physical attribute, not does it
require athletic ability, fencers learn technique, and they develop stratagems
for dealing with both groups of fencers, and specific opponents. This is a
process all fencers follow. Practise is essential for every fencer, regardless
of any “natural” athletic ability, or “talent” for fencing.
“Fencing encourages each athlete to utilize
their natural height, size, and skill to their advantage. It’s not uncommon to
see a taller child paired up with a much smaller one during a competitive bout.
When we see those matches, it’s easier to understand why fencing is such a
great sport for every child. Kids learn that there are always advantages, and
how they can use what seems like a disadvantage to help them win.”[89]
The fencer must use what they have to
defeat their opponent. They must consider how they will deal with a taller
fencer, a shorter fencer, one who is stronger, and one who is weaker. These are
all natural attributes found on a physical level. The fencer, most importantly,
must out-think their opponent, rather than using strength or speed. The
fencer must use what is at their disposal to win, and it is the same for all
fencers, which is why it is so inclusive.
Inclusivity
“The Paralympics even have an extremely
competitive (and exciting) wheelchair fencing circuit (now renamed to Parafencing).
The fencers cannot move back and forth, but they must have clean hits which
create very exciting matches. They are both fun for the fencers, but they are
also extremely fun to watch. From the ground up, fencing is an inclusive
sport.”[90]
One of the best things about fencing is
that it is an inclusive activity. If a fencer is willing to work with their
teacher, there are solutions for most issues an individual might come across. Parafencing
is an example of a modification of fencing to suit individuals who are
different from others. Blind fencing is another adaptation present which allows
further individuals to be included in fencing. Once a fencing mask is on there
is little difference between one fencer and another, it all comes down to the
skills and abilities of the fencer. Both Parafencing and Fencing for the Blind
are presented below. These have different aspects presented and reveal much of
the same aspects of the inclusive nature of fencing within.
Parafencing
Definition
What is Parafencing, also known as Adapted
Fencing, or Wheelchair Fencing? The simple definition, “duelists
fight each other using only the upper half of their body. Wheelchairs are stuck
to the floor.”[91] The
individuals do not move up and down a strip like other fencers, they are placed
in wheelchairs which are secured to the floor. One might ask which individuals
participate in such an activity in official competition. “Male
and female athletes who use wheelchairs, are amputees, or have mild cerebral
palsy are eligible to compete in adapted fencing.”[92] Such individuals have been deprived of the ability to stand or
walk, thus they fence from wheelchairs, but where did it all come from?
History
Fencing has been in the Olympics since
1896, Parafencing has been a part of every Paralympic Games since the first in
1960.[93] This
gives some dates, and somewhat of a relationship to “normal” fencing, but
little more. The question of interest would be how it was developed, and the
reason for such development.[94]
“The history of this discipline began at the
Stoke Mandeville military hospital, 60 km north of London, in the aftermath of
the Second World War. It was used as a rehabilitation tool for veterans with
spinal cord injuries. An innovative way of strengthening their muscles and
working on their balance.”[95]
The rehabilitation methods begun at Stoke
Mandeville at the end of the Second World War not only saw the creation of Parafencing,
but many of the sports which we find so familiar at the Paralympic Games.
Veterans with spinal cord injuries were not able to use their legs, however, they
would have been trained in fencing, especially as officers, Adapted Fencing was
a method for them to use some of their old skills in a new way, while improving
their health.
Real Sport
“Challenging and competitive, adapted
fencing is a much-loved Paralympic sport, requiring precision,
technique, and physical strength. Like traditional fencing,
adapted fencing, which requires that athletes compete from their wheelchairs,
is focussed on reflex and agility skills.”[96]
A Parafencing competitor requires all of
the same attributes present in the Olympic fencer. In some instances, these
attributes need to be more refined as there is no simple “out” by retreat away
from the opponent. The skills of the Paralympic fencer need to be practised as
much as the Olympic fencer, the same skills are used, one is simply stationary,
while the other can move along the piste.
“Fencing is a lot of fun
and a great way to connect with other aspiring athletes. As one
of the most precise, intricate sports on the Paralympic agenda, getting good
requires serious commitment and dedication. Talented wheelchair fencers train
for years to hone their skills and improve agility.”[97]
Adapted Fencing demonstrates one of the
ways the skills of fencing are inclusive of many individuals. They require the
same dedication to their practice as from the Olympic fencer should the
individual wish to progress. This method of fencing, and it is fencing, is one
way fencing demonstrates its inclusivity, its ability to be adapted to the
requirements of the fencer.
Blind fencing
No, not talking about
that breed of fencers who dive in with no consideration of their defence. Not
considering the individual who refuses to learn from their defence either. What
is discussed below is fencing used for rehabilitation of those individuals who
are blind, or sight impaired. Certainly, if you are reading this you don’t likely
fall into this format, yet the information is most useful for us to understand
how individuals with such a disability can embrace life. There is nothing to
say we cannot use the same principles presented to embrace life through fencing
using the same conceptions and lessons learnt from such an experience.[98]
Comparison to able-bodied fencing
“Unlike traditional (modern, able-bodied)
fencing, which is very much rule bound and strictly categorised, fencing for
the blind allows for fencers with a variety of embodied differences to engage
in a duel and to fence by relying on a combination of sensory inputs of their
choice, excluding sight.”[99]
One of the best things about fencing, which
is often not discussed, is as soon as the person puts on their protective
equipment, picks up their weapon, and stands out on a piste, or in some
sort of arena, they are a fencer and nothing more. Social labels do not matter,
only their skill with the weapon and how they use them. Modern fencing
categorises fencers by gender, age, weapon. Other forms of fencing[100] simply
do not, such categories do not apply. A fencer is a fencer, and nothing more,
which this discussion of blind fencing is even more relevant.
Perspective
“The world fencers encounter is not made in
an entirely accessible way for them, meaning that blindness appears as a
particularly striking phenomenon in the lives of respondents of this study, and
that it greatly affects their being-in-the-world. Despite the potential for
blindness and partial sightedness to hinder person’s immersion in everyday
life, respondents to this study employ various strategies and develop new
habits to handle their particular bodily endowment.”[101]
Perspective is important, because we all
have different perspectives gained through our experience of the world. A
person’s disability gives them a different perspective of the world than able
bodied individuals. The advantage of the person with a disability is that they
have a perspective which has grown to be differed by the presence of their
disability. Fencing allows the individual to become more immersed in the world,
to engage with it more fully, and to even change their perspective of the
world, and their life.[102]
“[blind] fencers’ lived experience of an
embodied potential that differs from the majority, in order to understand how
the phenomenal body is lived in its rich and varied experience. Exploring how
respondents experience their allegedly materially unfit bodies, this
phenomenological study investigates how people endow their bodily doings with
meaning and how they make sense of their immersion in the world.”[103]
A person’s lived experience changes their
perspective, not only of their own existence, but of the possibilities
available to them. These perspectives are rich and different depending on the
individual. Those with disabilities of all kinds can engage with fencing and
find new aspects of life they may not have considered possible through learning
fencing, even to change the perspective of their life.
“By looking into whether and how lack of
sight gives a person a unique perspective on the world, this analysis enquires
into what kind of practices, tactics and habits they develop in order to not
only endow their bodily doings with meaning, but to also make their everyday
life more meaningful and fulfilled.”[104]
The lack of sight means the individual must
use other senses to interpret the world around them. This gives the individual
a different perspective to an individual who is sighted. Through fencing, the
blind fencer learns how to engage with the world in a different fashion. There
is not only sound in fencing, but a more important sense, that of touch. The
fencer feels the opponent through their weapon, such is a significant factor
and is indicated in many treatises as sentiment du fer or senso di
ferro i.e. feeling through the steel. When engaged, and learnt, such an
attribute can be applied to many different aspects of life. Fencing also allows
the individual to establish a more stable platform, enhancing balance by using
the balance and concepts present in the fencing stance. The feeling of
performance enhances the individual’s life as they improve and learn.
“Fencers who are blind and blindfolded
cannot see their opponent, and all of the respondents report that this is
somewhat confusing. They are often not sure how to approach opponents whose
embodied endowments may differ greatly from their own – not only are they
sometimes of a different age or gender, but they may also be significantly
physically stronger or weaker, which is not something blindfolded fencers may
initially and easily make sense of. Different opponents require different
techniques, different amounts of strength are required for attack, even
different use of the surrounding space.”[105]
The blind or blinded fencer cannot see
their opponent, this is evident. This makes the situation somewhat confusing
for people. They do not know how to approach the opponent because they cannot
see them. The sighted fencer can see the opponent, can gauge different things
about their opponent simply by looking at them; the blind fencer cannot. They
must feel their way through the contact between the two weapons. Every opponent
is different, so the fencer (blind or sighted) must get used to different approaches,
skills, and strength both of the opponent and in response. Such builds a
different perspective of the world, embracing its diversity, and possibility.
Disability concept
The conception and definition
of disability have gone through some changes in the past couple of decades, and
it is surprising that it took so long to get an internationally-recognised
document to define such. To begin the discussion, it is essential to examine
older models of disability, so we can compare them to the newer conceptions of
the same. This is necessary to see how fencing fits in with all of this, and
how it gives agency to individuals who participate in it.
We begin with the
deficit model, also known as the medical model. The origins of this model are
found in some rather old, and somewhat insulting (especially to people with
disabilities) concepts about the world. “The deficit concept of disability derives from a range of sources
including social Darwinism, liberal utilitarianism, medicalisation and
eugenics”[106] these conceptions all deal with how the individual is disabled by
their condition. There are some further aspects, just to see how far it goes,
the aspect of eugenics would suggest that it would be better if people with
disabilities simply “went away”.[107] This
is an old conception, but for some it still holds sway.[108]
“We use the term dis/ability written in this
way to express a certain hesitation as to whether an impairment implies
disability – or an individual issue – thus criticising the deficit model of
disability. Similarly, the term mis/fit, written thus, presumes that people in
different situations create different kinds of fits and misfits with their
environment.”[109]
Where is the disability located, where is
the individual disabled, how is the individual disabled? The deficit model
would claim that the medical condition disables the individual. Other
conceptions, rather than blaming the individual, looks to society for the
answers. It turns the concept around to claim it is society which disables
people, or their environment.
“The treaty [Convention on the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities] views
disability as a result of the interaction between an inaccessible environment
and a person, rather than an inherent attribute of an individual. It replaces
the old “medical model” of disability by a social and human rights model based
on the fact that it is society that “disables” persons with disabilities from
exercising their human rights as citizens.”[110]
The Convention on
the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), was a big step forward for
people with disabilities, especially in those nations which ratified the
treaty, obliging them to conform to the principles and statements present in
the Convention. The definition from the CRPD indicates a different
conception than the “medical model”, as indicated it turns the focus around
from the individual to their interaction with their environment.
“Persons with disabilities include those who
have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in
interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective
participation in society on an equal basis with others.”[111]
Like most articles, and legislation for
people with disabilities, it is not the intent of such to place these
individuals at a place of advantage, merely to level the playing field. It is
intended to bring such individuals up the same place as everyone else. To give
such individuals the chance to interact with society like everyone else.
“the social perspective
taken by the International Classification of Functioning of WHO, which sees
disability as a universal human experience and not a concern of a minority:
every human being can suffer from a health loss and experience some disability.”[112]
What most “normal”[113]
people do not realise is that becoming disabled is just around the corner. A
person can lose health from environmental situations, medical situations, even
from accidents and the like. More, every individual is likely to go through the
same process as they age. Disability should not be the concern only of those
people who are disabled, but for everyone. It is through this conception of
enabling people, that fencing operates.
“we explore how people who are differently
embodied make sense of their own embodiment and ability, as well as how they
make sense of the world through the practice of fencing.”[114]
“Differently embodied” smacks of the
politically correct “differently abled”, which is an attempt to avoid the word
“disabled” because somehow to some hyper-conscientious people it is insulting.
Such a conception attempts to obscure the issue, to hide the fact that
individuals are disabled.[115]
However, we do see the world differently because of our disabilities. This is
the perspective of an individual with a disability; it is not the perspective
of an individual without a disability. Both individuals can take up fencing
just as readily and find the changes they notice in their world, to find how
fencing has changed their perceptions.[116]
Agency: ‘I can’
“Agency, in the context
of DEI, refers to an individual’s capacity to act independently and make
choices that influence their lives and surroundings”[117]
The concept of agency
is essential when discussing blind fencing. The purpose of this sort of
rehabilitation is to give the participants greater agency in their lives. It is
designed to encourage them to engage more with their surroundings. The exercise
from participating in this activity is a bonus, but there are other aspects
which need discussion.
“Fencers gain agency through involvement in
practices that require them to push boundaries and in turn provide them with
excitement and adrenalin. They also exercise agency through actively handling
and changing situations that they perceive as problematic. Risks and excitement
thus seem to enrich fencers’ being-in-the-world, and involvement in this
practice as well as the enrichment of their I can contributes to their
active inclusion in society.”[118]
The concept of blind individuals
fencing may seem a little strange to some, but it has been successfully used as
rehabilitation therapy for blind individuals for quite some time. In some
facilities, it is a mandatory aspect of the individual’s rehabilitation due to
the positive effects it has upon patients. Consider an individual who has
become blind especially, or a person who was born blind, new surroundings can
be frightening because they do not know them, they need to adjust to the
present circumstances. Learning fencing provides tools for the individual to
readjust to different surroundings, different stimuli, and it gives them a
little bit of excitement. All these aspects give the individual agency, allow
them to gradually act independently, the concept of 'I can’ has been used to
describe such a situation and why fencing is so suitable for giving blind
people agency, for integrating them into the world.
“The ‘I can’ concept refers to the manner in
which people experience their grip on the projects they are engaged in, as well
as their immersion in the world, based on their capacity and habituality. Put
simply, it refers to a kind of harmony between what we aim at and what is given
between intention and performance”[119]
‘I can’ is a most useful concept. It gives
the individual control, and agency over their integration with society, and the
rest of the world they inhabit. It is an affirmation of the individual’s
agency. This is a concept most useful not only for the subject of blind fencing
but every kind of fencing, be it modified for people with disabilities, or with
any other kind of fencing, be it modern or arts of previous ages. Fencing is
not a “normal” activity for most people, and as such there is some disorientation
present.
“Their ‘I can’ proceeds from overcoming
disorientation. When they reorient themselves within the world, respondents
habituate their weapon of choice the same way they once habituated a cane. It
replaces their eyes and becomes an organ of sight that helps them build
pictures. Due to this habituatedness to a cane, they usually do not find it
difficult to learn to use épée. Both are now integrated in their body schemas
and in a certain sense define the reach of their existence. There is a certain
element of forgetfulness in their use of these objects – they seem to have
incorporated them and their bodies know better than their intellects how to use
them in order to either find a way around or make a point while fencing.”[120]
In some respects, the blind fencer has an
advantage over the sighted fencer because they are used to using a long object
in their hand to feel their way around the world. There is an advantage present
in the concept of senso di ferro, or sentiment du fer in which
the fencer uses the sword to “feel out” the opponent, and gain information from
them, because the blind fencer is used to “feeling out” their world with their
hand and such a tool. This habituatedness as the source calls it, allows the
individual greater agency, and some advanced ability using the sword because
they are comfortable using a tool in this fashion. Like the cane, the sword
needs to become a simple extension of the body, and in this regard the blind
person who uses such an object regularly has a greater advantage over the
sighted individual.
“Respondents learn to be patient and to
habituate to bodily changes one day at a time. They are also learning to change
the way they are directed towards the world and the way they handle everyday
tasks. Some tasks call for different ways of doing than those they are used to,
and fencing too calls for a different way of doing their bodies – their
embodied intentionality as well as their I can has changed. However,
they by no means consider themselves dis/able – they very much have the ability
to handle tasks as well as to participate in society.”[121]
The blind individual must become
comfortable with their surroundings, and the changes in their bodily movement
over days. They need to learn basic tasks others take for granted without the
presence of sight. Fencing gives the blind individual another way to engage
with the world, as they need to move their bodies differently, thus expanding
their knowledge of the world. Teaching the blind to fence gives them another
tool with which they can engage with society and thus increase their agency.
“Fencers’ self-perception and
self-representations seem to strongly depend on other’s opinions, but
involvement in fencing appears to give them agency and they thus feel more
confident throwing themselves into the world. This involvement influences their
‘I can’, and they are more apt to take initiative and change their situation,
to interact with the world without overthinking it, to be more open and to feel
better. Fencers seem to take into account failures, too, and try to make sense
of why they happen, both in their social life and in fencing. Some of them
speak about their engagement in this practice as a kind of a journey they have
embarked on, yet enjoying the here-and-now of it. They notice how the shapes of
their bodies change and they also make sense of it differently in different
situations.”[122]
Reputation, renown, all these kinds of
things travel before us, along with other stories. These create an image of the
individual in others’ minds before the individual is even present. Some of this
can flow into the individual’s self-perception, which is significant, because
they may be more likely to act in a particular way. These ideas give the
individual the agency to act, to prove the ‘I can’ present before them, and
even change the ideas about them, and feel more comfortable. Fencers learn from
their failures, in fact, failures are a very useful learning tool. These
failures allow the fencer to appreciate what they need to improve on in their
fencing but also affects their social life with the same considerations. The
fencer will go through bodily and mental changes as they engage with fencing.
“Occupying the threshold between sport and
art, the practice of fencing is famous for graceful and sophisticated
movements, as well as for requiring sharp focus, careful strategy and
alertness.”[123]
Fencing, especially in its older times, was
called the “Art and Science” of fencing. This is because there are both aspects
present. The “science” is what the fencer learns in their class, through
teaching and drills. The “art” is how the individual performs their skills
against an opponent. Performed with form, fencing is beautiful, and has
graceful movements, elegant attacks and counters. However, there are aspects
the fencer requires to achieve this, and this is only achieved through
dedication. It also supplies a certain level of excitement for the fencer,
sunshine on a gloomy day, a flash of brilliance in the dark.
“Despite their investment in various
projects, a reoccurring theme in our conversations with interviewees who are
visually impaired is that the comparative lack of excitement in other parts of
their lives can result in a rather gloomy everyday life.”[124]
When days progress one after the other,
things become routine there is a positive aspect to routine, but there is also
a negative, and that is the repetition of the same day over and over. There is
a certain aspect of excitement which is needed in all of our lives, to
punctuate it, to show those times which are different to others. We go out, we
go to shows, and we take up sports and hobbies. Fencing can supply that bit of
excitement to a person’s life.[125] It can
also supply a certain other aspect which goes along with excitement, risk.
“Not only does risk taking provide an
opportunity to experience the world in ways that are otherwise inaccessible and
would remain outside of their reach, but the idea of participating in an
unusual thing also provides these fencers with excitement that is lacking in
many of their/our everyday lives.”[126]
Just as the individual who finds courage
must be afraid first, so too do we find, the individual who sees risk can find
excitement. The aspect of risk has been criticised in the contemporary era.
Risk assessments are taken for every activity, most people will avoid all the
risks they can, but to find excitement, there must be some element of risk,
even if the risk is only to the individual’s ego. Embracing such things allows
the individual (blind or not) to engage with life more fully, to appreciate
what is truly available.
“Fencing also seems to allow participants of
the study to take the risk of doing something somewhat dangerous. Though modern
fencing is far from the deadly practice it once was, the idea of participating
in a duel excites the fencers and delivers an adrenalin rush they report they
need.”[127]
In the scheme of things, fencing, in most
of its forms is not all that dangerous. There are safety elements which have
been developed in response to incidents of issue. There have been rules
developed for the same reason. However, the concept of taking up a sword
against an opponent, whether the sword is tipped or not certainly leads to a
level of excitement, allowing the mundanity of the world to be swept away for a
moment. More, there is the important aspect that the individual is not alone,
there is support, and an international community of fencers, which means they
are engaging with others, sword in hand, and other times not.
“We celebrate more than
fencing victories—we celebrate the fierce joy of movement, the satisfaction of
adventure, the freedom of spirit, and the untapped strength that rises when we
dare to engage. In this space, competition becomes collaboration, and every
touch is a testament to courage, creativity, and vitality.”[128]
Victories are great,
they are a testament to the individual’s time and effort they have spent
practising their skills. However, these victories are not celebrated alone,
there are others who celebrate with the fencer, this is not to be forgotten.
Every person who has assisted the individual long their path has something to
celebrate. Even an opponent should celebrate the victory; it should be a step
along their education, and the celebration of a fellow fencer.
“Pain, loss and frustration are not only
part of fencing, but of respondents’ everyday lives too. However, the
excitement they derive from adrenalin motivates them to throw themselves into
the world. In addition, becoming engaged in a community of people who share not
just similar impairments, but also interests and passion for fencing, or
rather, ‘throwing’ oneself into socialisation in this way, is also how fencers
gain agency through participation in this sport. Fencers do not characterise
their losses or pain as failures, but are often led to feel even more confident
and to get a firmer grip on the world.”[129]
Much of the feelings we feel during fencing
are reflected in other parts of our lives. If we can appreciate these moments
for what they are, and what they teach us, they become important to us. The
sense of community among fencers, of any calibre, of any dis/ability,
nationality, ethnicity, and whatever other division the world might choose for
us are all one, because they fence. Fencing cannot be performed
alone; there needs to be at least one other person present. The blind fencing
community is just one, and they are a part of a much broader community of
fencers, links are made. You should discover members of this community and
engage with them, because you are a community.
Physical advantages
What? What physical
advantages are there to fencing while blind? This is not the direction the
discussion follows. It is discussing the physical advantages fencing for the
blind gives the individual who participates in such an activity, which is more
important, as such advantages are present for those with sight.
“Not only does fencing impact the sense of
agency fencers have by providing them with adrenalin and excitement, but it
also aids in their efforts to improve balance and posture and to attune their
senses more finely. Respondents’ fencing bodies that lack one particular sense
are very much situated, and the practice of fencing is something that helps
them to ascribe identity to it.”[130]
All the physical advantages presented are
available to the sighted fencer as well. Balance and posture are two of the
more obvious ones, however attuning the senses is certainly an aspect of
fencing. There is an aspect of hearing, so the fencer can hear the sound of the
blades connecting, there is also an aspect to touch, as fencers develop a more
finely attuned sense of touch, encompassed by the concepts of sentiment du
fer or senso di ferro, literally "feeling through the steel”.
The blind fencer actually has some advantages in these respects by being blind.
“Fencers who lack sight know much better how
to rely on echolocation and can better distinguish sounds from one another, and
the advice of a sighted person cannot always or fully comprehend, anticipate
and encompass this. Sighted persons’ advice thus contributes to rehabilitation
to a sighted world, which is sometimes less abundant with perceptual
affordances for those who lack sight.”[131]
Consider how you would instruct a blind
student how to perform an action. Many of our instructions are presented as an
aspect of seeing what the teacher does and then attempting to copy them.
Performing such instruction with a blind student can both immerse the blind
fencer in the world and also show us the things we take for granted in the
actions we perform as sighted fencers, allowing us to focus on the actions.
“The body of a fencer, like that of a
performer, becomes an archive of improvised cultural responses to the
conventional constructions of gender, race, sexuality, and dis/ability, and the
performance articulates powerful modes of dissent and resistance”[132]
We have all been imprinted by conventional
constructions made by the society in which we live. We are ascribed some of
these constructions at birth, and then as we grow older. Some of these are
physical attributes, some are simply social constructs, things which we accept
because it is part of the social norm. Taking up fencing can be a rebellion
against such socially constructed aspects because we can challenge them as
fencers, we can resist the impact of them in our lives. In a certain way,
fencing, using a sword, is a rebellion because it is teaching skills and
techniques which are technically of no practical use in the modern world where
firearms dominate.[133] For
the blind fencer this is extended because of their disability. “The use of specific sets of perceptual cues allows fencers to
smoothly create fits in their everyday lives.”[134] This
statement is made regarding blind fencers, but there is no reason sighted
fencers cannot take advantage of the same physical advantages fencing offers.
The individual must embrace these advantages, though some of them, due to
repeated practise will become almost a part of their lives.
Competition
“Fencing, like all
sports, is rooted in competition—but never in hostility. We compete not to
defeat one another, but to challenge ourselves and each other. Every bout is an
opportunity to sharpen physical skills, deepen confidence, and reaffirm our
worth as rightful contenders in the arena of life. We challenge with respect
and celebrate every improvement—whether our own or that of a fellow fencer.”[135]
There is a difference
between competition with and without hostility. The most extreme example of
competition with hostility is war. In duels in the past, sharp weapons would be
used, and there might be hostility between the combatants. Competition can lead
to a certain level of rivalry between combatants. It is entirely up to the
combatants whether this is healthy or not. Competition to defeat an opponent,
is so much less useful than competition to challenge the individual and others.
The fencing bout is an opportunity for the fencer to see what they have learnt,
and where they can improve. Everyone has the chance to have a win, depending on
how you look at it.
Rehab/ituation
“we will argue that fencing may contribute
to an existential reorientation in the world. To describe this phenomenon of
reorientation or re-inhabiting we introduce the concept of rehab/ituation.
Unlike ‘rehabilitation’, rehab/ituation allows for a more creative, inclusive
and productive engagement with the world. For example, fencers who are blind or
visually impaired may rehab/ituate their blindness and their embodiment through
employment of senses that are spontaneous and comfortable to them, instead of those
reserved to a sighted world.”[136]
Rehabilitation as compared to the concept
of rehab/ituation as indicated are two different concepts of how fencing can be
used to allow the individual to embrace their new world. The concept of
rehabilitation implies that the individual is brought back into the world,
ostensibly to engage with the world as other people do. Rehab/ituation, on the
other hand, goes further, rather than bringing the individual merely back into
the world, it acclimatises them to a concept of their own world with which they
are engaging. This latter concept allows for a greater comfort for the
individual by using senses which are available to them.
“Rehabilitative Fencing
for the Blind is a structured, high-impact modality for developing non-visual
spatial orientation and dynamic mobility—regardless of secondary disabilities.
It is not a pastime or competitive sport, but a purpose-driven intervention
designed to cultivate movement literacy, sensory confidence, and personal
agency”[137]
Rehabilitative Fencing
for the Blind is not intended to be a sport or some kind of competition, it is
intended for giving the participants a way of interacting with their new world.
It is intended to show them movements, more specifically, to give them and idea
of spatial feeling. This intended to allow the individual to more actively
engage with the world in which they live and to do so with confidence in the
senses they have at their disposal, but it is also more.
“By focusing on narratives of risk taking,
active handling, and creativity, we have identified three specific ways in
which fencers experience their being-in-the-world. Our findings suggest that
instead of rehabilitating to the norm, fencing contributes to rehab/ituation:
conceptualising the rearrangement of one’s body schema according to personal
affordances. This concept, which is present in the notion of rehab/ituation as
opposed to rehabilitation, makes possible a more creative and inclusive way of being
in the world.”[138]
The “norm” for the fencer with a disability
is certainly not the “norm” for the “normal” person.[139] This
is an aspect many people forget when they are considering many things, such as
how to deal with an individual with a disability, of any kind.[140] The
most successful rehabilitation reorientates the individual to the norm of their
experience of the world. Such rehabilitation or rehab/ituation is intended to
make the individual more comfortable in their world and make it more accessible
to them. The participation in such activities is intended to challenge them, it
is intended to bring them out of their comfort zone, all with the intention of
showing them how much more they can accomplish. This activity is intended to
allow the individual to “fit” better within the world, by using all the
attributes available to the fencer.
“Fencing, too, offers a compelling blend of
physical engagement, skill acquisition, anxiety regulation, healthy
competition, and social integration. Its structured format makes it especially
well-suited for individuals adapting to vision loss.”[141]
The same blend of opportunities is
available to the sighted fencer who engages with fencing[142] in a
complete way. While fencing is often seen primarily as a sport for the sighted,
it is certainly quite difficult to see the blades moving, so focusing on the
bodily response to the opponent’s weapon, through other means certainly has its
advantages. The structured format means people develop skills as they improve,
each being another step toward better appreciation of the world around them,
and an appreciation of it.
“targeted sports interventions have emerged
as powerful tools for addressing challenges associated with disability. While
not curative, these modalities enhance safety, independence, and overall
quality of life.”[143]
The purpose of these targeted interventions
is not to cure the individual, but to bring them greater engagement in a safe
and positive way. They gain a greater quality of life by realising there are
things they can do, there are ways they can engage with the world despite, or
including, their disability. Such engagements give the individual agency, a
power, they can use with which to engage with the world. These applications are
not only useful for the fencer with limited vision or vision loss but have the potential
for any individual to increase their quality of life.
Fencing for life
The French saying, joie
de vivre, means “joy of life”, and for many fencers this is what fencing
brings to their lives. It sometimes becomes a reason to persist to move onward,
while often not focusing on goals outside fencing, the fencing and its impact
influences the individual and brings life to them. This means they want to
interact with the world more, because their joie de vivre has been
awakened again.
“From our data we identified three ways of
being-in-the-world: (I) first, directly related to the fact that visual
impairments or blindness may cause disruptions of one’s taken-for-granted being
in the world, and may cause disorientation, we found that fencing may support
various kinds of perceptual and motor reorientation in the world; (II) second,
since fencing often goes together with risk taking and excitement, fencers’
relation to their world can also be described in terms of throwing oneself into
one’s world; and (III) third, in the degree to which fencing invites smooth
movements and actions, it helps the participants to develop personal techniques
and styles and thus get a firmer grip on the world.”[144]
Fencing for the blind is being used here as
a case-study. Many people do not understand what it is like to be disabled, or
to become disabled, especially on a permanent basis. A person may break an arm
or a leg and become disabled for a period of time. While it gives them a taste
of the permanent condition, it is not the same.[145] There
is some difficulty when a person becomes disabled about how they can now
interact with the world around them. It is disorientating as things which were
taken for granted are now simply gone. Fencing assists with giving the
individual the chance to reorientate themselves through a different means. This
endeavour also gives the individual an active way in which they can engage with
the world, with an element of risk, and this excitement thrown in. The
techniques fencing teaches can be applied in many different aspects of the
world and allow the individual to engage with the world. “The
fencers keenly describe the importance of reflecting on what they learn while
fencing and of being creative while learning.”[146]
Fencing opens a doorway to its participants to engage with the world in another
way and learn different skills which can be applied in such engagement.
“The
goal is to reclaim bruised self-worth, develop coping skills, and highlight
inner resilience that transcends limitations imposed by circumstance and
society. The blade becomes a tool not only for sport, but for discovering
possibility and the joy of living.”[147]
Without the joy
of living everything becomes mundane, routine, everything becomes the same, day
after day. Depression is linked with a lack of joy in a person’s life in
research. There is a clear connection that individuals who do not find some
sort of joy in their lives often become depressed, and disengaged from the
world, especially those with disabilities. Fencing gives the chance for these
individuals to re-engage with the world, “fencing helps the participants to habituate their bodies and the
world in a number of interesting ways.”[148]
The aspect of sentiment du fer or senso
di ferro, as the French or Italians call it is a certain feeling through
the blade. Without sight individuals who are blind feel through the sense of
touch along with other senses. This increases their capacity to feel the
outside world, and through this there is a greater connection gained. “In each of the interviews, respondents eagerly highlight the
oddness of their involvement in fencing. [ i.e. a blind person with a weapon]”[149] There
is a definite aspect of oddness in giving a blind person a weapon, because
there is the automatic assumption they don’t know where to point it, and other
people will be in danger because of it. However, it is exactly this oddness,
novelty, that gives fencing a part of its life. The thing is that every new
person in the same situation is potentially the same risk, regardless of
whether they are blind or sighted.[150]
“Interviewees, who experience their
dis/abilities in different ways, also report improvements in their general
focus, and enhanced control over movement. Fencing endows its participants with
opportunities to take risks and experience things directly, for themselves, but
also to contemplate and reimagine the role of winning and loss in their lives.”[151]
Fencing teaches the individual to control
their body so they can perform certain techniques. In the more advanced
techniques, there is more control required, thus as the individual improves in
their techniques, they gain greater control (and understanding) of their
bodies. Fencing, while recognised internationally as a sport, still is not the
most common sport for an individual to participate in. The simple learning and
success through the learning process gives the individual a feel of winning,
and loss, but it is loss they can understand and embrace to improve. Even the
“negatives” in fencing are potential positives. A person learns to grow through
their mistakes and successes, growing with life.
Fencing is particularly inclusive, as has
been noted. A fencer is a fencer, it does not discriminate by age, handedness,
physicality, or any other aspect. There is likely a way an individual can fence
if they really want to, few medical conditions will preclude an individual from
fencing. This is one of the greatest advantages of this activity. Consider the
consequences of having a go, and then those of not having a go. In the former,
you might find an activity you really enjoy and reap the benefits; in the
latter, not much will change.
Cost
Costs are present, and
often a factor considered last. Some sports and clubs will surprise the
individual with the outlay present; it is better they are honest about it. It
is strongly encouraged that the individual asks about such financial concerns,
so they are completely appraised of such potential costs.
Costs are a factor
which are important in our day and age, especially with economies fluctuating
and prices often going more up than down. The cost of fencing has an initial
outlay for the equipment the individual will need, but there is more to just
the cost. For a child learning fencing, there is something to learn.
“In part, it’s the expense of the fencing
gear that helps it to be so good for the kid’s development. Playing an
expensive sport means that kids have to learn to respect their gear, their
possessions. Fencing equipment does cost a lot, but it also lasts long time. If
it’s taken good care of, that is.”[152]
If the child student knows exactly how much
their gear is worth, it gives them something to think about. The initial outlay
of fencing gear can be quite significant, and the student needs to understand
how much this was; this way they can appreciate their gear. Further, given the
right care, fencing gear can last a long time.[153] If the
student is told they must take care of the gear, then there is a further step
in learning how to care for their fencing gear. The time and effort put into
such will imbue the gear with even more value. The initial outlay can be quite
significant. However, this is comparable other sports, and most clubs have
spare gear, often donated by the members,[154] and
more often people are more than happy to lend gear, most often willing to spend
time discussing it as well.
Conclusion
How can I say more? Fencing
is fun, and it is good for you.[155]
There are many varieties of fencing you can engage with, there is sport
fencing, historical fencing of many different kinds, kendo (yes, it counts),
and so many other different arts of the sword, which means they are fencing.
The information present has shown the reasons that anytime in your life is a
good time to start, anyone can benefit from picking up a sword and learning how
to use it.
There is nothing like
picking up a sword. There is something visceral which reaches back into our
history, and beyond. There are movies with swords in them which might inspire
an individual to fencing, but it is the picking up of the sword and learning how
to use it which is really fun. There are movies you can watch, and games
you can play, with swords in them, but picking up a real one, that is a
different experience and one you will remember.
Not only is it fun,
but it’s also healthy fun; healthy for both mind and body. You will get
strength training, cardio, better reflexes and hand-eye coordination, all
performing the same activity. The advantages are not all for the body either.
The fencer learns to think their way out of different situations, to adapt to
different opponents, to take the advantages they have and use them against an
active opponent who wants to do the same thing. Fencing has been described as
“high speed chess” or “physical chess” and the allusions to the tactical, and
even strategic nature of fencing are accurate. One person acts, another
counter-acts, the tactics they use must change for different opponents. Fencing
is an activity which works the mind as much as it does the body.
Fencing uses swords,
yet it is a safe sport, as there are different procedures and equipment put in
place to keep the fencer as safe as possible. It is a contact sport, so a
certain level of risk is present, but it was one of the sports with the lowest
cases of injury at the Olympics, and other kinds of fencing have similar safety
measures put in place to protect its participants. The concepts of safety and
respect for the opponent are taught within the training regimen of fencing,
breaches of such rules and expected etiquette are noted, and sanctioned. It is
not just the activity, or the equipment, it is the community, that keeps it
safe. It is the combination of all three, working together that ensure safety.
Within the community, there is an expectation that fencers will treat each
other with respect. Fencers who don’t meet this expectation are noted and will
often find it difficult to find people to fence with.
As indicated above,
there is an integral social aspect to fencing; it’s a great way to get out to
meet new people. Instantly, you have something in common with all fencers,
because you fence. Further, you have just joined a lineage back to ancient
times. You are now linked to anyone who has ever used a sword, even though
yours might be a different shape, or weight, or its character might be
different. You have joined an international community of individuals who
fence. More, every time you fence a new person, you have an opportunity to make
a new friend.[156]
Even if you and this individual are rivals, there is a connection between you.
Learn from one another, teach one another, their improvement must result in
your improvement if you want to keep competitive. Work together to more greatly
appreciate this gift you have been given in the chance to learn to fence.
Fencing is for
everyone. I don’t think I can
say this enough. There are few individuals who have insurmountable barriers to
getting something out of fencing. There are few individuals who are in such a
state that they cannot be taught. These barriers can be surmounted with the assistance
of a teacher, and with a student who is willing to try things, to learn. Parafencing
exists and is present at the Paralympics and has been since 1960, since the
first one. Fencing for the Blind is being used to rehabilitate people back into
the world through the physical and mental gifts gained from engaging fully with
fencing. Age is only a barrier at the lower end, not at the upper end. There
are fencers in their 80s, and 90s who are still competitive and defeating much younger
fencers. Shape is no barrier, longer limbs and arms might assist a little, but
there is no one who cannot benefit from fencing. Fencing is a most inclusive
activity because as soon as the mask is on, an individual is a fencer, just
like all the other fencers.
Costs, costs are
something which are present in our current economies. Costs are a consideration
that must be made. The prime cost for fencing is not fiscal, it is temporal, in
the aspect it depends on how much time you are willing to give to it; this cost
is directly related to the results, i.e. how fast your fencing improves. The
student who spends time drilling at home will beat the fencer who only
practises at their regular practise.
Yes, swords can be
expensive, especially to get the kind which is most suitable for your kind of
fencing. However, a sword which is cleaned, and looked after properly will last
a long time. Consider that there were swords in the Medieval period and Renaissance
which were passed down from one generation to another. The most important thing
to buy first is the protective gear; most experienced fencers are willing to
lend you a sword. With protective gear bought (which like the sword will last
quite a while if it is looked after) you can more fully participate in the
drills and activities.
Fencing is healthy; it
inspires the brain to work; improves hand-eye coordination; gives you a good
work-out; brings you into a community which is not only local, but world-wide;
it is safe; anyone who is willing to train can play. These are all great reasons
to find a teacher or coach, pick up a sword and learn how to fence, but there
is one more reason. It is fun. Fun activities are much easier to get to,
to be willing to pay the costs, and are more likely to keep you motivated; you
really need to fence if you are going to gain all these advantages, and even
more.
Bibliography
Academy of Fencing
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accessed 30/12/2025
Besbes, A. “7 reasons
why fencing is the best sport for kids”, Azza Fencing, 2025, https://www.azzafencing.com/blogs/news/fencing-best-sport-kids?srsltid=AfmBOorGmTGXtYKzHytLE8X9J6oAgLZUh2xr0y74qySiEyt-xZvJVhOh,
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Dookia, R. “En Garde! The Health Benefits
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Dow, R. “Rehabilitative
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“Why Fencing?” Olympian Fencing Club, 2022, https://www.olympianfencingclub.com/about/why-fencing/, accessed 30/12/2025
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Sunrise Medical
“Adapted Fencing” Sunrise Medical Blog, 2019, https://www.sunrisemedical.com.au/blog/adapted-fencing, accessed 30/12/2026
United Nations Convention
on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, New York, United Nations, 2007
United Nations Department
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Ville de Paris “Chair fencing was initially
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accessed 13/04/2026
[1] Gelman, J. “Benefits & Advantages of Fencing”, Manhattan
Fencing, 2025, https://manhattanfencing.com/why-you-should-opt-for-fencing/,
accessed 30/12/2025
[2] ibid.
[3] ibid.
[4] Erpelding, J. “The Benefits of Fencing as an adult”, PDX Fencing
Academy, 2025, https://pdxfencing.com/benefits-of-adult-fencing/,
accessed 30/12/2025
[5] I should know, I have been fencing in some form or another since
1993.
[6] Academy of Fencing
Masters “9 Reasons Why Fencing is Good For Kids”, Academy
of Fencing Masters Blog, 2019, https://academyoffencingmasters.com/blog/9-reasons-why-fencing-is-good-for-kids/,
accessed 30/12/2025
[7] IMDb, “Die Another
Day”, IMDb, 2026, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246460/, accessed 22/04/2026
[8] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[9] Gelman, J.
[10] Erpelding, J.
[11] Fencing in
the Schools “Benefits of Fencing”, Fencing in the Schools, 2015, https://www.fencingintheschools.org/benefits-of-fencing,
accessed 3012/2025
[12] Academy of Fencing
Masters “9 Reasons Why Fencing is Good For Kids”, Academy
of Fencing Masters Blog, 2019, https://academyoffencingmasters.com/blog/9-reasons-why-fencing-is-good-for-kids/,
accessed 30/12/2025
[13] Even the starting
fencer has something to feel good about. The fencer who begins and continues
should feel good about themselves due to the path they have embarked upon.
[14] Fencing in
the Schools
[15] Besbes, A. “7 reasons
why fencing is the best sport for kids”, Azza Fencing, 2025, https://www.azzafencing.com/blogs/news/fencing-best-sport-kids?srsltid=AfmBOorGmTGXtYKzHytLE8X9J6oAgLZUh2xr0y74qySiEyt-xZvJVhOh,
accessed 30/12/2025
[16] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[17] Olympian Fencing Club
“Why Fencing?” Olympian Fencing Club, 2022, https://www.olympianfencingclub.com/about/why-fencing/, accessed 30/12/2025
[18] Besbes, A.
[19] Dookia, R. “En Garde! The Health Benefits Of Fencing” Pure Physio Blog, 2014, https://www.purephysio.com.au/blog/en-garde-the-health-benefits-of-fencing/,
accessed 6/4/2026
[20] Gelman, J.
“Benefits & Advantages of Fencing”, Manhattan Fencing, 2025, https://manhattanfencing.com/why-you-should-opt-for-fencing/,
accessed 30/12/2025
[21] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[22] La Jolla Fencing
Academy “Benefits of Fencing?”, lajollafencingacademy.com,
2022, https://www.lajollafencingacademy.com/fencing/benefits-of-fencing,
accessed 30/12/2026
[23] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[24] Gelman, J.
[25] La Jolla Fencing
Academy
[26] Gelman, J.
[27] ibid.
[28] La Jolla Fencing
Academy
[29] Dookia, R.
[30] Gelman, J.
[31] Erpelding, J. “The Benefits of Fencing as an adult”, PDX Fencing
Academy, 2025, https://pdxfencing.com/benefits-of-adult-fencing/,
accessed 30/12/2025
[32] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[33] Olympian Fencing Club
[34] La Jolla Fencing
Academy
[35] Olympian Fencing Club
[36] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[37] Erpelding, J.
[38] Olympian Fencing Club
[39] Gelman, J.
[40] Olympian Fencing Club
[41] Erpelding, J.
[42] Gelman, J.
[43] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[44] Dookia, R.
[45] Besbes, A. “7 reasons
why fencing is the best sport for kids”, Azza Fencing, 2025, https://www.azzafencing.com/blogs/news/fencing-best-sport-kids?srsltid=AfmBOorGmTGXtYKzHytLE8X9J6oAgLZUh2xr0y74qySiEyt-xZvJVhOh,
accessed 30/12/2025
[46] Academy of Fencing
Masters “9 Reasons Why Fencing is Good For Kids”, Academy
of Fencing Masters Blog, 2019, https://academyoffencingmasters.com/blog/9-reasons-why-fencing-is-good-for-kids/,
accessed 30/12/2025
[47] ibid.
[48] Besbes, A.
[49] Olympian Fencing Club
“Why Fencing?” Olympian Fencing Club, 2022, https://www.olympianfencingclub.com/about/why-fencing/, accessed 30/12/2025
[50] If you’re using a sword you are doing some kind of fencing, whether
it be a foil, rapier, or katana.
[51] Gelman, J.
“Benefits & Advantages of Fencing”, Manhattan Fencing, 2025, https://manhattanfencing.com/why-you-should-opt-for-fencing/,
accessed 30/12/2025
[52] ibid.
[53] To show respect and concern for your opponent is not weakness, it
is strength. You show that you are an individual who believes in the codes upon
which fencing and its history are based.
[54] Gelman, J.
[55] Erpelding, J. “The Benefits of Fencing as an adult”, PDX Fencing
Academy, 2025, https://pdxfencing.com/benefits-of-adult-fencing/,
accessed 30/12/2025
[56] Gelman, J.
[57] Erpelding, J.
[58] Gelman, J.
[59] ibid.
[60] Erpelding, J. “The Benefits of Fencing as an adult”, PDX Fencing
Academy, 2025, https://pdxfencing.com/benefits-of-adult-fencing/,
accessed 30/12/2025
[61] Gelman, J.
“Benefits & Advantages of Fencing”, Manhattan Fencing, 2025, https://manhattanfencing.com/why-you-should-opt-for-fencing/,
accessed 30/12/2025
[62] Erpelding, J.
[63] Gelman, J.
[64] Erpelding, J.
[65] Gelman, J.
[66] Erpelding, J.
[67] Academy of Fencing
Masters “9 Reasons Why Fencing is Good For Kids”, Academy
of Fencing Masters Blog, 2019, https://academyoffencingmasters.com/blog/9-reasons-why-fencing-is-good-for-kids/,
accessed 30/12/2025
[68] Besbes, A. “7 reasons
why fencing is the best sport for kids”, Azza Fencing, 2025, https://www.azzafencing.com/blogs/news/fencing-best-sport-kids?srsltid=AfmBOorGmTGXtYKzHytLE8X9J6oAgLZUh2xr0y74qySiEyt-xZvJVhOh,
accessed 30/12/2025
[69] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[70] Besbes, A.
[71] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[72] Besbes, A.
[73] I find that each
fencer I face is either a friend or a friend un-met.
[74] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[75] La Jolla Fencing
Academy “Benefits of Fencing?”, lajollafencingacademy.com,
2022, https://www.lajollafencingacademy.com/fencing/benefits-of-fencing,
accessed 30/12/2026
[76] I have met and engaged
with fencers from different parts of the globe, while there can be language and
cultural barriers, there is the commonality of fencing which encourages people
to strive to breach the other barriers to learn from one another.
[77] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[78] Besbes, A.
[79] Gelman, J.
[80] Besbes, A.
[81] Gelman, J.
[82] ibid.
[83] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[84] La Jolla Fencing
Academy
[85] Gelman, J.
[86] Erpelding, J.
[87] Besbes, A.
[88] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[89] ibid.
[90] ibid.
[91] Ville de Paris “Chair fencing was initially a rehabilitation sport
for war veterans!” Ville de Paris, 2024, https://www.paris.fr/en/pages/chair-fencing-was-initially-a-rehabilitation-sport-for-war-veterans-27430
accessed 13/04/2026
[92] Sunrise Medical
“Adapted Fencing” Sunrise Medical Blog, 2019, https://www.sunrisemedical.com.au/blog/adapted-fencing, accessed 30/12/2026
[93] Ville de Paris
[94] I have fought from a
chair in multiple instances. I look at it as an option when my legs are simply
refusing to hold my weight or are causing me pain. My model was based on the
wheelchair fencing which I saw in a video and resulting from some research.
[95] Ville de Paris
[96] Sunrise Medical
[97] ibid.
[98] Closing your eyes during some drills to feel the weapons against
one another is a most useful technique of feeling what your partner is doing
rather than trying to see it. Often the eyes are too slow, and the fencer needs
to compensate using other senses, making this discussion especially relevant.
[99] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., “Rehab/ituation from a Phenomenological
Perspective: The Case of Fencing for the Blind and Visually Impaired”, Scandinavian
Journal of Disability Research, 21(1), pp. 67–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/sjdr.559
[100] Fencing for the blind
does not categorise its fencers, and they only use épée. In the recreation of
various Medieval and Renaissance martial arts, there are typically very few
categorisations.
[101] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.73
[102] For myself, my primary
disability as a person with fibromyalgia has changed my perspective of the
world, and those with disabilities of different kinds. Fencing has allowed me
to engage with the world in a new way, to embrace the chance for improvement in
my life.
[103] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.69
[104] ibid., p.70
[105] ibid., p.73
[106] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.68
[107] Yes, “went away” in
the same way Hitler and the Nazis made 270,000 people with disabilities go
away, through experimentation and extermination.
[108] This is evident in such things as the way government departments
assess the level of disability focusing on the disability, rather than the
individual’s interaction with the world.
[109] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.68
[110] United Nations Department
of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) “Backgrounder: Disability Treaty Closes a
Gap in Protecting Human Rights” in Disability (May), United Nations Department
of Public Information, 2008
[111] United Nations Convention
on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, New York, United Nations, 2007, Article 1, para. 2
[112] DESA
[113] I really don’t like
the concept of a “normal” person, because there is no one to gauge it against.
Everyone is unique, so there is no “normal”.
[114] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.70
[115] …that includes me.
[116] I have different
perceptions of the world because I am disabled. I view things differently to a
person who is not disabled; I view things even more differently since I have
been fencing for more than thirty years. Fencing has enabled me to experience
things I never expected.
[117] Oxford Review “Agency
– Definition and Explanation”, OR Briefings, 2026, https://oxford-review.com/the-oxford-review-dei-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-dictionary/agency-definition-and-explanation, accessed 29/04/2026
[118] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.74
[119] ibid., p.69
[120] ibid., p.74
[121] ibid.
[122] ibid.
[123] ibid., p.73
[124] ibid., p.72
[125] It certainly does for
mine. I look forward to the training I go to every week, and the tournaments
and other events I get to participate in on some weekends. These add some life
to a person’s existence.
[126] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.75
[127] ibid., p.72
[128] Dow, R. “Rehabilitative
Fencing for the Blind”, Rabih Dow, 2025, https://www.rabihdow.com/fencing,
accessed 30/12/2025
[129] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.73
[130] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.74
[131] ibid., p.75
[132] ibid.
[133] Of course, there is a
practical use for fencing in the physicality of the movements, thus a form of
exercise, however, the actions themselves are of less use. Though there are
instances where they can be of use, they are just not all that common.
[134] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.75
[135] Dow, R.
[136] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.67
[137] Dow, R.
[138] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.67
[139] I would
argue that there is no such thing as a “normal” person because we are all
unique and have a wide range of norms in different societies around the world.
This concept of a “normal” person is an individual who measures on a fictitious
bell-curve of the normality of the human population. Normal is dependent on the
norms of the society in which the individual lives.
[140] Treat them like a
human being; their disability is part of them it is not them.
[141] Dow, R.
[142] There are
many types of fencing available to the individual in our modern world, each
with its different advantages and disadvantages, each with its own culture,
engaging with any of these can gain the individual the attributes presented.
[143] Dow, R.
[144] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.70
[145] I have had injuries in
my time, which have caused limitations on my movement. They make no comparison
in compared to the permanent disability which I acquired. The former was
temporary the latter is a part of every day of my life.
[146] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.71
[147] Dow, R.
[148] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.72
[149] ibid.
[150] The weapon will do
just as much damage to a person whether the individual can see or not. Safety
aspects need to be highlighted in fencing regardless of the individual’s
situation, disabled or not.
[151] Koncul, A. and Slatman, J., p.72
[152] Academy of Fencing
Masters “9 Reasons Why Fencing is Good For Kids”, Academy
of Fencing Masters Blog, 2019, https://academyoffencingmasters.com/blog/9-reasons-why-fencing-is-good-for-kids/,
accessed 30/12/2025
[153] The purchase of a
sword can be an investment of a life-time, especially considering some of the
recreations that are being made of period weapons.
[154] Academy of Fencing
Masters
[155] I have had several
Occupational Therapists and doctors say that if I had not taken up fencing when
I did, there is a good chance I would’ve ended up in a wheelchair.
[156] Yes, most of my
friends are so because of a common love of swords and/or fencing.
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